The Eternal Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father.
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In the schism between the popes of Rome and the Eastern Orthodox Church, there were certain cultural and political factors which constributed to and fostered the schism.  Certain "theological matters joined with political and cultural factors to rend the fabric of Christian unity in two. For example, a number of general practices differentiated Greek and Latin Christians and added to the growing sense of alienation. The East allowed some clergy to marry; the West required celibacy. In the East the local parish priest could administer the sacrament of confirmation; in the West only the bishop could. When celebrating the Eucharist, Catholics mixed the wine with water, while the Orthodox did not. The West used unleavened bread, the East leavened. Differences over clerical beards, the tonsure, and fasting also contributed to the deterioration of unity.

"Two controversies, however, were far and away the more important than all the others combined. Together they drove the final wedge between the Catholic and Orthodox Christians: papal supremacy and the "filioque" doctrine.

The Holy Spirit proceedeth from the Father. Period.

We believe in the Holy Spirit, Who proceedeth from the Father.

The Holy Spirit is the LORD and Giver of Life.

The Eastern Orthodox Doctrine of the Procession
of the Holy Spirit.